A.NFC Communication Security
1. Encryption protocol: Check the NFC communication encryption protocol adopted by the smart lock. Strong encryption algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) can guarantee the security of data in the transmission process and prevent the unlocking signal from being intercepted and cracked. For example, 128-bit or 256-bit AES encryption can effectively resist common hacker attacks.
2. Signal anti-interference: assess the anti-interference ability of smart locks in complex electromagnetic environments. A good battery-free NFC smart lock should be able to distinguish between legitimate NFC signals and external interference signals to avoid false triggering of the lock. It can be tested in an environment with other NFC devices or wireless signal sources to see if the lock will open abnormally.
3. Two-way authentication mechanism: Find out whether the smart lock adopts two-way authentication. This means that not only will the lock verify the legitimacy of the NFC device (e.g. mobile phone or card), but the NFC device will also verify the identity of the lock. This mechanism adds a layer of security to prevent illegal devices from simulating legitimate locks for signal theft.
B. Physical security protection
1. Lock cylinder quality: Although battery-free NFC smart locks mainly rely on electronic technology to unlock the door, the lock cylinder is still an important line of physical defence. Check the material and structure of the lock cylinder, such as the use of grade B or C lock cylinder, these lock cylinders have a higher anti-picking performance. B grade lock cylinder usually has a double row of bullet or leaf structure, C grade lock cylinder is more complex, can effectively prevent violent opening.
2. shell solidity: check the material and manufacturing process of the lock shell. Sturdy metal shell (such as stainless steel or aluminium alloy) can resist the impact of external forces and damage. At the same time, the connecting parts of the shell should be tight and seamless to prevent attackers from accessing the internal circuitry by prying or disassembling the shell.
3. Tamper-evident alarm function: Smart locks with tamper-evident alarm function can send out an alarm when illegal tampering attempts are detected. The alarm can be a local audible or visual alarm, or a remote alarm message sent to the user's mobile phone or security monitoring centre to notify the user of possible security threats in a timely manner.
C. Authentication and rights management
1. Multi-factor authentication: Evaluate whether the smart lock supports multi-factor authentication methods, such as NFC + password, NFC + fingerprint and other combinations. Multi-factor authentication can greatly improve the security of locking, even if the NFC device is lost or the information is leaked, no other authentication factors can open the lock.
2. Permission grading and management: For smart locks applied in home, office or commercial places, a perfect permission grading management system is crucial. Check whether it is easy to set different permissions for different users, such as administrator rights, ordinary user rights, temporary user rights. The permission management system should be able to accurately control the time, number and range of times each user can open the lock.
3. User identification accuracy: test the accuracy of the smart lock for user identification. For NFC cards, check whether it can effectively identify legal cards and reject illegal cards; for smart locks that support fingerprint recognition or facial recognition (if any), test the recognition rate and misidentification rate to ensure that only authorised users can unlock the lock smoothly.
D. Data security and privacy protection
1. Local data storage security: Understand how to protect user data stored inside the smart lock (such as unlocking records, user permission information, etc.). The data should be stored in encrypted form to prevent user data leakage when the lock is physically destroyed or illegally accessed. At the same time, the storage medium should have a certain degree of resistance to damage, such as the use of flash memory chips and other reliable storage devices.
2. Cloud service security (if applicable): If the smart lock is connected to a cloud service for remote management or data backup, assess the security measures of the cloud service provider. This includes the physical security of the data centre, network security protection (e.g. firewalls, intrusion detection systems, etc.), and encrypted data transmission and storage. Ensure that the cloud service complies with relevant data privacy regulations, such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or other national privacy protection laws.
Data access control: check the data access control mechanism of the smart lock and its related services. Only authorised users (e.g. administrators or specific technical support staff) should be able to access and modify user data, and the access process should be logged in detail for auditing and traceability.
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